Workshop for prioritysetting in aedes aegypti control interventions. It is adapted to close association with humans and the female feeds almost exclusively on human blood. Mosquito control measures for aedes aegypti and aedes. Traps and collection methods for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus pdf june 2017. With regards to their interaction with other species, they share larval habitats with other mosquitoes such as aedes. Aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are vectors of mosquitoborne diseases including zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. Aedes mosquitoes include important vector species such as aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue. Surveillance and control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in the united states cdc pdf pdf 16 pages. Mosquito control measures for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. Aedes aegypti control with integrated novel technologies stochastic model.
Challenges for their introduction and impact assessment, was drafted by dr. Aedes aegypti control through modernized, integrated vector. Dengue is considered to be the most important mosquitoborne viral disease in the world. In the past 15 years, there has been a dramatic resurgence of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever worldwide, with increased frequency of epidemics and geographic expansion of both the mosquito vectors and the viruses. Aedes aegypti is a vector of international concern because it can transmit to humans three important arboviral diseases. Efficacy of aedes aegypti control by indoor ultra low volume. Genetic diversity of laboratory strains and implications. Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the aedes species of mosquito which is also responsible for the spread of dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses. The aedes aegypti mosquito, its vector, is highly anthropophilic and is very well adapted to urban environments.
Surveillance and control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in. On dec 5, the brazilian government decided that measures should be aggressively implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to zika virus by eliminating the vector mosquito aedes aegypti. Pdf citrus reticulata extract as biocides to control aedes. Operational guide for assessing the productivity of aedes aegypti breeding sites.
Aedes aegypti vector control and prevention measures in the. Lethal ovitraps are considered a sustainable and environmentally friendly method of controlling containerinhabiting mosquitoes, however, todate, this claim has not been quantified. Therefore, the distribution of this species is largely driven by human activities e. Oviposition, dispersal, and survival in aedes aegypti. Communitybased control of aedes aegypti by adoption of eco. James gathany, center for disease control public health image library click thumbnail to enlarge. Aedes aegypti is an extensively studied mosquito in the laboratory 1214 and the most popular laboratory model system for arthropod disease vectors due to its relative ease of rearing and manipulating in the lab. Improved reference genome of aedes aegypti informs arbovirus. Control activities are generally similar for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. This study aimed to explore the effective compounds from local plants as a safe mean of control by evaluating the antilarval activity of citrus reticulata extract cre against the aedes aegypti mosquito which is the dengue vector in indonesia. Use of the cdc autocidal gravid ovitrap to control and. Culicidae is an invasive mosquito species that has expanded its range in recent decades from its african origins brown et al. The mosquito can be recognized by white markings on its legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax. Spatial variation of insecticide resistance in the dengue.
Dengue is a major public health problem in mexico, where the use of chemical insecticides to control the principal dengue vector, aedes aegypti, is widespread. Surveillace ad cotrol of aedes aegypti ad aedes albopictus i the uited states 7 prevention and control the prevention or reduction of transmission of chikv, denv, and zikv there is a safe and efficacious vaccine against yfv is completely dependent on the control of mosquito vectors and limiting personmosquito contact. The aedes aegypti mosquito, infamous for transmitting yellow fever, also carries many other infectious viruses such as dengue, chikungunya, west nile and zika. Vector surveillance and control efforts should target mosquito species that can transmit viruses. Efficacy of aedes aegypti control by indoor ultra low.
Wellimplemented vector control against aedes using existing tools effectively reduces the. Aedes aegypti is a primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, zika, and urban yellow fever viruses. Characteristics of a vector control strategy for containment of zika. Two additional chikv isolates were obtained from aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in the homes of patients. Innovative techniques for control of aedes aegypti and. Yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti edis university of florida. Metaanalysis of studies on chemical, physical and biological. Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, zika fever, mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents. The continued widespread use of malathion in aedes aegypti control programs in latin america has generated insecticide resistance to this chemical in culex quinquefoscittut. The viruses are passed on to humans through the bites of an infective female aedes mosquito, which mainly acquires the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. Diseases caused by aedesborne viruses, such as dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, are emerging and. Aedes aegypti is capable of transmitting diseases such as dengue fever and yellow fever. Their global expansion has probably been due to humanmediated activities such as the commerce of tires and lucky bamboo plants womack 1993, bonizzoni et al. Executive ummary v acknowledgements this publication, evaluation of innovative strategies for aedes aegypti control.
Egg of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti linnaeus. Mackay1 and manuel amador entomology and ecology activity, dengue branch, centers for disease control and prevention, 24 calle canada. Aedes aegypti vector control and prevention measures in the context. Aedes aegypti surveillance and control in an epicenter of dengue virus transmission. Establishment of wolbachia strain walbb in malaysian. This study assesses the potential impact of lethal ovitraps on nontarget organisms when used to control. Adult female yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti linnaeus, in the process of seeking out a penetrable site on the skin surface of its host. The yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti is very common in urban and suburban areas in the tropic and subtropic regions. Mosquito control measures for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus andrea leal operations directorentomologist florida keys mosquito control district. The developing fetuses of pregnant women are at high risk of developing serious birth defects following zika virus infections. Aedes aegypti control through modernized, integrated.
A novel durable dualaction lethal ovitrap ddalo with. Diseases caused by aedesborne viruses, such as dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, are emerging and reemerging globally. The most important vector of dengue virus is the mosquito aedes aegypti, which. This mosquito is considered an invasive species, and factors involving. An improved, fully reannotated aedes aegypti genome assembly aaegl5 provides insights into the sexdetermining m locus, chemosensory. Surveillance and control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in california. Jan 30, 2017 aedes aegypti control with integrated novel technologies stochastic model. Current biology article establishment of wolbachia strain walbb in malaysian populations of aedes aegypti for dengue control wasi a. Their global distribution, anthropophilic nature, and vector competency make them species of interest for control. There was a decrease in dengue incidence at the release sites, highlighting the potential of this strategy to suppress dengue in hot tropical environments. Laboratory evaluation of a novel lethal ovitrap for control. Aedes aegypti has been shown to transmit yellow fever virus to f1 progeny under laboratory conditions 36 and field collection studies have also confirmed this in nature 25.
Integrated vector control of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. There is compelling evidence that aedes aegypti distributes small numbers of eggs among many sites, and that this skip oviposition is a driver for dispersal. This publication is intended as a guide of available tools and emerging technologies for mosquito control programs to utilize in response to local transmission of the zika virus. Aedes aegypti and aedes aegyptiborne disease control. Yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti linnaeus insecta. Aedes aegypti eggs can survive desiccation for months and hatch once submerged in water, making the control of aedes aegypti difficult nelson 1984. The primary means of preventing these diseases is householdlevel mosquito control. Pdf citrus reticulata extract as biocides to control.
Pdf community involvement in the control of aedes aegypti. In the present study, we characterized patterns of. Culicidae 3 mosquito with a slight difference in size and thorax patterns. An update vicki kramer, phd vectorborne disease section. Established laboratory strains have been used in thousands of studies. Genetic control of aedes mosquitoes pubmed central pmc. Jan 27, 2016 aedes aegypti and aedes aegypti borne disease control in the 1990s. However, the vector control program has not prevented the spread and introduction of diseases transmitted by the aedes aegypti, not even in areas with a wellorganized public health system castro. Aedes aegypti is the same mosquito that transmits dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. This mosquito thrives in urban and suburban neighborhoods because backyard containers and clutter tires, buckets, water cans, etc. Surveillance and control of aedes aegypti and aedes.
Four different release schedules are shown in the subplots switching from a suppression method either sit or ridl to wolbachia release at week number 3, 6, 9 or 12 of a week simulated release programme. Zabarizatilaqmar,1 mazninurruqqayah,1 amran norsyazwani,1 azmi faiz,1. Pdf integrated aedes management for the control of aedesborne. Refer to the help section for more detailed instructions. Aedes aegypti biting behavior2 aedes aegypti bites primarily during the day only female mosquitoes feed on blood in order to lay eggs. The use of pupal productivity surveys and the targeted control of the most productive.
Photograph by center for disease control public health image library. This mosquito originated in africa, but is now found in tropical, subtropical and temperate. The prevention or reduction of transmission of denv, zikv, and chikv there is a. Apr 06, 2018 aedes aegypti is a primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, zika, and urban yellow fever viruses. Control methods for aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti. Although several vaccine candidates are in advanced stages of development no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available. It is not the same mosquito as the one transmitting malaria females of the anopheline genus. In most areas, the primary vector of these viruses is aedes aegypti, with aedes albopictus a proven or potential vector in some settings. Chikungunya virus in febrile humans and aedes aegypti.
However, relatively little is known about the economic burden of ae. The behavior is compatible with published results of markreleaserecapture studies, although many of these have been interpreted as evidence for limited dispersal. The continued widespread use of malathion in aedes aegypti control programs in latin america. Integrated vector control of aedes aegypti mosquitoes around. One patient was coinfected with dengue virus type 1. Information for vector control programs background y mosquitoborne viral diseases such as chikungunya, dengue, and zika can cause similar symptoms, including fever with muscle or joint pain, or rash. On nov 12, 2015, faced with the increased incidence of cases of microcephaly and the possible association with zika virus, the ministry of health in brazil declared a public health emergency. Welcome to cdc stacks aedes aegypti control 47294 david. Surveillace ad cotrol of aedes aegypti ad aedes albopictus i the uited states 3 intended audience vector control professionals objectives the primary objective of this document is to provide guidance for aedes aegypti and ae. Innovative techniques for control of aedes aegypti and aedes. Traps and collection methods for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus pdf. We applied an integrated vector control ivc approach using source reduction, larviciding, and mass trapping with noninsecticidal sticky traps to protect targeted houses by reducing the density of female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The causes are multifactorial and include global trade, international travel, urbanisation, water storage practices, lack of resources for intervention, and an inadequate evidence base for the public health impact of aedes control tools.
Resistance to insecticides has been reported in multiple sites, and the frequency of kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance has increased rapidly in recent years. To determine the extent of this resistance, the susceptibility of cx. Aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti have arrived and become established in california aedes albopictus 2011. The aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector that transmits the viruses that cause dengue. Indoor, ultra low volume ulv space spraying with pyrethroid insecticides is the main approach used for ae. Laboratory evaluation of a novel lethal ovitrap for.
Both species are highly adapted to humans for survival, and thrive in suburban and urban. Vector surveillance and control world health organization. Aedes aegypti is the vector involved in urban yellow fever transmission where only human is the amplifying host. Uwi the online guide to the animals of trinidad and tobago ecology population ecology. The aedes aegypti mosquito is an efficient vector for the transmission of zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses, causing major epidemics and a significant social and economic burden throughout the tropics and subtropics. Lethal ovitrap deployment for aedes aegypti control. Nov 14, 2018 an improved, fully reannotated aedes aegypti genome assembly aaegl5 provides insights into the sexdetermining m locus, chemosensory systems that help mosquitoes to hunt humans and loci. Genetic control methods are being developed for several of these species, stimulated by an urgent need owing to the poor effectiveness of current methods combined with an increase in chemical pesticide resistance. Reducing abundance of the primary vector mosquito aedes aegypti using insecticides and breeding site reduction remain the main strategies for dengue control but are. The 201516 zika epidemic was primarily caused by this nasty, little bug. Chikungunya virus chikv was isolated from 12 febrile humans in yucatan, mexico, in 2015. Aedes aegypti thrives in urban environments which provide it with numerous oviposition sites to lay eggs. Surveillance and control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in the united states cdc pdf pdf. A comprehensive toolbox for the control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in florida.
Aedes aegypti and albopictus by mosquito control programs in florida been focused upon public education media, schools, public events, etc. In aedes aegypti, larval nutrition influences the activity of the ca at adult emergence, so that a mosquito reared under suboptimal conditions has low jh synthesis. Epidemics that are repeated year after year in a variety of urban centers indicate that there are control failures, allowing the vector to continue expanding. Select up to three search categories and corresponding keywords using the fields to the right. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the chikv isolates belong to the asian lineage. Genetic diversity of laboratory strains and implications for.
Culicidae are known to flourish in a variety of natural and residential habitats and are competent vectors of at least 22 different arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and zika. Aedes aegypti vector control and prevention measures in. Evaluation of innovative strategies for aedes aegypti control. Aedes aegypti adults have white scales on the dorsal top surface of the thorax that form the shape of a violin or lyre, while adult ae. Establishment of wolbachia strain walbb in malaysian populations of aedes aegypti for dengue control. Improved reference genome of aedes aegypti informs. Control del vector aedes aegypti y medidas preventivas en. Integrated aedes management for the control of aedesborne. Roberto barrera, manuel amador, veronica acevedo, gilberto felix, ryan hemme. To identify the most effective vector control strategies and the factors that. However, genetic mutations enabled viral adaptation to a. Aedes aegypti eradication plan 1995 mandatory reporting of dengue cases 19981999 operational adjustment aedes aegypti eradication plan 2001 dengue control actions intensification plan 2002 national dengue control programme 20022004 decrease of dengue epidemic fonte.
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